Clutch shifting means for transmissions



4 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 26, 1954 o. H. BANKER CLUTCH SHIFTING MEANS FOR TRANSMISSIONS Original Filed Aug. 15, 1938 I BY ,MM

' EYS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 26, 1954 o. H. BANKER CLUTCH SHIFTING MEANS FOR TRANSMISSIONS Original Filed Aug. 15, 1938 Jan..26, 1954 o. H. BANKER CLUTCH SHIFTING MEANS FOR TRANSMISSIONS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed Aug. 15, 1938 I a INVENTOR. v Oscarfi/fiazz/zext BY 6%,M 2M, g g

Illlla Jan. 26, 1954 o. H. BANKER 2,667,251

CLUTCH SHIFTING MEANS FOR TRANSMISSIONS Original Filed Aug. 15, 1938 4 SheetsSheet 4 I S INVENTQR.

\ BY Oacarflficvz/azr,"

Patented Jan. 26, 1954 oLo'ron SHIRTING MEANS FOR .T RAN$MISSI ON S Oscar H. Banker, Chicago, 111., assignor to New :Prolhicts Corporation, Chicago, 111., a corpora- -tionof Delaware'-"' i Original application August 15, 1938, Serial No. 224;933,fn v Patent No. 2,384,448, dated Septeinber 11-, i945." Divided and this application August 8, 1945; Serial No.f609,555

l C aims- .I'he invention relates generally to a change speed transmission and more particularly to an overdrive transmission, and has as a general object to provide a new and improved transmission Of that type. This application is a-divisin1of looking in the direction of the arrows indicated zliplication Serial .No. 224,933, filed August 15, in'fig. 1. p

.9.33, nov/.Patent 2,33%,448, granted September 'Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view taken approxi- 11, 19.45. mateiy'along the line 5-5 of Fig.4, showing-the Amore particular object of the invention is to shifting m'eansof the transmission. PQIZfQQt an overdrive transmission h'avinga plane- 9 Fig, 6 is a fragmentary 'view taken approxitarygear system and a clutch .andibrake device inateiy along the line i$-,fi'ofFig.,5. I ofthe overrunning .jaw type for controlling the Fig-1;? is a vertical diametrical sectional view planetary system to obtain a direct or an overof a modified form of overdrive transmission drive. embodying certain features of the invention.-

' Another object is to provide an overdrive trans- 1 lg. 8 is a fragmentary -transverse sectional mission having a planetary gear system and an view taken along the line 83 of Fig/7. overrunning brake of the jaw type having a sta- 9 is an enlarged view of .an individual tooth tion'ary element and a'movable element, the movof-the movable clutch element. r able element oitheibrake being associated with Fig. 10 is a fragmentary transverse sectional the reaction member'of the planetary system to 29 view takenalong the line ii -it ofFig. 7. utilize the tendency of the reaction member, upon Fig. 11 isan elevational view of the transmisa reversal of torque in the transmission, to drop sion of an automotive vehicle having the overto zero speed and reverse its direction of rotation drive transmission disclosed herein incorporated for eiiecting engagement of the movable element therewith and showing the electrical control for with the stationary element of the brake; the overdrive transmission.

Yet another object isto provide an overdrive F ig.- 12 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional transmission, having a clutch andlorake device view of one control switch of the electrical means oithe overrunning jaw type, with new an'cl'imgoverning t transmissionv proved means, preconditioned under'inan'ual conw.lVh'ile the invention is susceptible of various trol, to client a shift of'the movable element of somodifications a l ative construction ib the clutch and brake device upon a change in disclosed herein and will hereinafter be described torque in the transmission. in a preferred form and one modification butit 1 Still another object is to provide new and imis not intended that the invention is to be limited proved electrical means for preconditioning the thereby to t e p fic t ons disclosed, shifting means in an overdrivetransinission hav- 11 it .is t nde to ve l difications and m angverrunnj jaw ut h alternative constructions falling Within the-spirit A further object is to provide, in an overdrive d Scope f the v tio s' fi d y transmis'sion having a double ended, shi'ftable pend d C clutch and brake element and a pair of spaced 7 The invention is parti u a y p a r u e cooperating clutch and brake elements ofthe win a autom tiv v h c a d. a c rd wil overrnnning jaw type, means for preventing accior purposes of i c u b f fi Shown as dental kick-back of the shiftable element from mbodied in suc n au v v h A one'icooperatingelement to the-other. shownv in Fig. 11, such a vehicle has a 0 51 12 A Other objects and advantages will become aph fih u t cfihvel'lflional fl W fl' hd trio. parent from the following detailed description 45. 0 utch, and acasing B h h 0 8 11- taken in connection with the accompanying drawit onal tr sm si n av th p ds, f rings, in which: ward and one speed reverse. Adapted to be .Fig; 1 a view, partially in vertical diametrical secured t e c s g B 'is ra gene a y t ular section and partially in elevation, of an overdrive casin'gC which houses the overdrive transmission transmission embodying features of the invention. tforming the subject of this invention.

Fig.2 is a reduced planvi'ew of the transmis- Referringfirst more'particularlv to the form sion shown inFig. 1 having a'p'ortion of the casofthe invention disclosed'imFigs. 1 to 6, the ing broken away. to reveal certain interior con.- overdrive transmission housed in the casing C struction. I comprises-a drive' shaft l5 and a driven shaftxlzS :Figl..3. is a fragmentary sectional view v f an 55i'dispo'sd in axial'alinement. Thedrive-shaft l5 EA overrunning clutch taken approximately along the'lihet-r-t of Fig.1.: I Fig. 4' is a transverse sectional View taken approximately along the line i i of Fig. 1 and may be a continuation of the driven shaft of the three speed transmission, or may be an individual formed with a reduced portion l8 journaled in y roller bearings :9 in a recess 20 in the end of the shaft l6 provided for that purpose. The shaft in turn is journaled in ball bearings 2| and 22 i mounted in the casing C and located respectively at the inner and the outer ends of the shaft It. At its outer end theshaft I6 projects from the casing C and has non-rotatably secured thereto a conventional coupling plate 23.

Operatively associated with the drive shaft i5 and the driven shaft l6 are a planetary gear system, generally designated 25, and an overrunning clutch and brake device of the jaw type, generally designated 26, which is shiftable to govern the operation of the planetary gear system i and thus determine whether there will be a direct drive between the shafts l5 and 16 or whether there will be an overdrive of the shaft H6. The planetary gear system is generally of conventional construction and, accordingly, comprises a sun gear which herein takes the form of teeth 28 formed on one end of an elongated sleeve 29 rotatably mounted on the shaft l5. Preferably bushings 3B are interposed between the sleeve 29 and the shaft !5, Meshing with the teeth '28 forming the sun gear are a plurality of planet gears 31, only one of which is here shown, each of which is rotatably mounted on a shaft 32 mounted in a planet gear carrier, generally designated 33, and composed of an annular plate 34 in which one end of the shaft 32 is received and i an annular hub 35 in which the other end of the shaft 32 is received, and which is splined to the end of the shaft [5 for rotation therewith. In

turn meshing with the planetary gears 3! is an orbit gear 36 fixedly secured to an annular head 31 formed integral or at least secured to the inner end of the shaft It. A conventional split lock ring 38 and a conventional locking ring v9 retained by spring pressed plunger lil are provided for retaining the orbit gear 36 on the head 37 and the hub 35 on the splined end of the shaft [5' An annular guard ring 4| secured to the 1 plate as may also be provided. The external circumference of the orbit gear 36 may be formed with helical grooves 42 which cooperate with an 26 is a double ended or duplex device and, ac-

cordingly, comprises two sets of cooperating jaws or teeth. constituting half of one such set of jaws are a plurality of jaws 45 integral with a stationarily mounted plate 46 interposed between the casing B and the casing C, and constituting one-half of the other set of jaws are a plurality of jaws 4'! formed integral with the plate 34 of the planet carrier 33. Adapted to be engaged respectively with the jaws 45 and with the jaws 41 are a plurality of jaws 48 and 49 formed on opposite ends of a rotatable and shiftable element 56. These jaws have sufficient play when engaged so as to exceed any backlash in the gearing.

In order to enable the overrunning of the ele- I ment 50, under certain conditions while such overrunning is prevented under other conditions,

the ends of all of the clutch jaws are beveled. Moreover, the direction of the bevel is chosen with a view to the direction of rotation of the shafts l5 and I6 and of the elements of the planet gear system, particularly the sleeve 29. In the presentinstance; all of the beveled faces lie in parallel planes.

It is a feature of this invention that the element 50 is associated'with the reaction member of the planetary gear system in such a manner that the tendency of that reaction member to slow down and reverse its direction of rotation, upon a reversal of torque through the transmission, is utilized to effect engagement of the element with the stationary jaws 55 to provide for an overdrive of the transmission. Accordingly,

the shiftable element 50 is slidably splined onto the sleeve 29 which, in the present instance, constitutes the reaction member of the planetary gear system. Mounted on the sleeve 29 in this manner, the shiftable element 55 is rotated at the'same rate and in the same direction as the sleeve 29 and thus has imparted to it the same movements as are imparted to the reaction member of the planetary gear system as an incident to a reversal of torque through the transmission, which movements include a reduction in speed to zero at which time reversal in the direction of movement takes place. The manner in which these movements are obtained and the manner in which they are utilized to effect the engagement of the brake will resently be made more apparent.

As shown in Fig. 1, the element 50 is in overdrive position in which its jaws 48 are engaged with the stationary jaws 45. As a result, the sleeve 29 or the reaction member of the planetary gear system is held against rotation and thus rotation of the planet gear carrier 33 imparted by the shaft 15 causes the planet gears 3! to rotate about their shafts 32 in addition to being revolved about the sleeve 29, and thus the orbit gear 36 and the shaft 16 are driven at a higher rate of speed than is the shaft l5. When the element 50 is shifted to the right, as viewed in Fig. 1, so that its jaws 49 engage the jaws M, the transmission is in direct drive for then the planetvgear carrier 33 is locked to the sleeve 29 so that the entire system rotates as :a unit causing the shaft [6 to rotate at the same speed as the shaft I5.

For shifting the element 59 from one position to another, means is provided (see Figs. 4, 5 and 6) which is adapted to be preconditioned under manual control to urge the element 55 in a direction to effect the engagement desired, while the actual shift takes place at a time when the operator of the vehicle momentarily decelerates the engine and thus releases and frees the element to the action of the preconditioned means. The shifting means comprises a shaft 55 extending transversely of the casing C to be journaled at one end in the casing and at the other end to be journaled in and project through a plate 56 removably secured over, an opening 51 formed in the side wall of the casing C. Rotatably mounted on the shaft 55 within the casing is a yoke 58 having a shoe 59 mounted at the end of each of its arms 60 and engaging the element 50 on diametrically opposite sides in a groove 61 provided for that purpose. Through the medium of this yoke, the element 58 is shifted longitudinally of the sleeve 29 whenever the yoke 58 is rocked.

,To permit preconditioning of the shifting arm H, as seen in Fig. 5.

'Though the element 50 is urged toward engagement with the clutch jaws 41, such engagement cannot take place immediately because of the difierence in rotative speeds between the carsleeve 29 is rotated in a counterclockwise direcof the element 50 and the jaws 47 in opposite directions, the engagement of the beveledfaces of the jaws may tend to cause a kick-back of the element 59. However, in the present instance, reengagement of the brake jaws 45 and 48 is effectively prevented because with the initial shift of the element 56 the car 63 was withdrawn from above the abutment '12 of the dog 10, thereby permitting the same to pivot and position the abutment 12 in the path of the ear 53. With the'element U disengaged from the jaws 45 and urged toward engagement with the jaws 41, the

1 operator of the vehicle now again depresses the accelerator pedal to accelerate the engine, with the result that the reaction in the planetary gear system causes the sleeve 29 to rotate in a clockwise direction, as viewed'in Fig. 4, and, at the time that the shaft I5 is rotating at the same tion, as viewed in Fig. 4. During such rotation speed as the shaft It or just a fraction above,

shaft 16 to operate at a direct drive in a 1:1 ratio. i To go from a direct drive to an overdrive, the

operator of the vehicle again actuates the arm 61, this time in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1, to rock the shaft 55 and thus precondi- 1 tion the shifting means in the manner previously described. It is to be appreciated, of course,

that this time the spring 66 will be tensioned and the dog 10 will be pivoted by means of the Just as previously described, actual shift of the element 50 does not take place upon the preconditioning of the shifting means but awaits release of the element 50 by a deceleration of the engine. With such deceleration, the torque of the transmission is again reversed with the drive now being applied by the motor vehicle, as distinguished from the engine, and with such change in torque the frictional engagement between the clutch jaws 4! and .49 again is reduced, permitting the spring 66 to disengage the element 50 from the jaws 41 and shift the same toward engagement with the brake jaws 45. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that, at the time of disengagement j of the element 50 from the clutch jaws-41, the element 50 has been rotating in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 4, and thus at first overruns the stationary jaws 45 and no engagement takes place. However, the reaction in the planetary gear system, as a result of the deceleration.

through zero and tending to rotate in the reverse direction, that is, counterclockwise. It is this tendency of the reaction member of the planetary gear system, under the conditions described, to reverse its direction of rotation which is utilized to bringthe element 50 down to a stationary condition for engagement with the stationary brake'jaws 45. Thus, at the time of reversal of the direction of rotation of the sleeve 29, or with the first rotation in a counterclockwise direction, the long edges of the brake jaws E5 and 48 engage and permit the jaws 45 and 48 to become fully engaged. With the element 50 engaging with the stationary jaws 45, the sleeve 29 is now held stationary and thus an overdrive is imparted to the shaft l6" as before.

In order that during operation of the vehicle in reverse there may always be a direct drive between the shaft 15 and the shaft IS, the shiftable reversing gear 83 (see Fig. 2) of the three speed transmission carries a pin 84 which extends slidably through the plate 46 into abutment with one arm of the yoke 58 so that when the gear 83 is shifted to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2, to place the transmission in reverse, the element 50 is also shifted over into engagement'with the clutch jaws 41.

In Figs. 7 to 10 of thedrawings, there is disclosed a slightly modified form of the invention. For the most part the construction of the form disclosed in Figs. 7 to 10 is the same as that disclosed in Figs. 1 to 6 and, therefore, as to the similar structure, any description would be but repetitious of what has already been described. Accordingly, the same reference characters plus a prime have been applied to like elements and for a description reference is made to the description of the disclosure in Figs. 1 to 6.

The form of the invention as disclosed in Figs. 7 to 10 differs from that disclosed in Figs. 1 to 6 primarily in the construction of the jaw clutch and brake device and of the means for eliminating the shock and noise incident to a kick-back of the shiftable element 50. Briefly, the difference resides in the fact that the means for eliminating the shock and noise incident to a kick-back is incorporated in the clutch andbrake device and this construction will now be described. As in the form of the invention previously described, the clutch and brake device has a double ended, shiftable member, and, accordingly, there are two sets of jaws. Constituting a part of one set are a plurality of jaws'90 formed In order that the kick-back preventing means I may be incorporated in the element 50', the jaws forms a shoulder 98. Intersecting the notch 91 at its inner end is a transverse groove 99 which has no utility, however, save to facilitate formajaw and corresponding in depth to the depth of.

of the planetary. carrier 33.'

the notches SL'I'his ring I is urged outwardly by a compression spring H12, but is'restrained against-movement oif of the end of the element 50 by means of an annular retaining ring I03. The retaining ring I03 is secured to a radial flange I04 of the element 50', and at its outer edge is formed with an inturned flange 105 which is disposed. in the path of an annular shoulder 106 formed on the guard ring I09 and the engagement of which thus limits the-outward movement of the guard ring. It is to be noted that, when the guard ring is in its outermost position, the face of the guard ring projects beyond the face of the jaws 94 and 96 and that the diameter of the guard rings is equal to the diameter of the annular flanges 9| and 93.

It will be apparent from the foregoing descrip tion that each guard ring is mounted on an end of the element 50 for b;- h limited rotation relative thereto and for sliding movement longitudinally thereof. Because of such mounting, the guard ring we may assume what may be termed a blocking position or a yieldable position. The guard ring 1169 is in blocking position when it is shifted angularly with respect to the jaws EM and 96, so that the teeth it? formed between the notches I!!! are received in the notches 9'5 formed in the jaws. This position is shown in Fig. 8 and it is believed apparent that when in that position the shoulder 98 of the jaws prevents longitudinal shift of the guard ring. Thus, should the element 59' be urged toward engagement while the appropriate guard ring is in blocking position, the guard ring would strike one of the annular flanges 9| or 33 and thus prevent engagement of that set of jaws and, moreover, would even prevent contact of the jaws. As will presently become more apparent, the guard ring I00 is rotated so as to disengage the teeth it? from the notches 9? as a result of frictional engagement between the guard ring and the annular flange 95 or 93, which thus frees the guard ring for longitudinal movement permitting the same to be shifted inwardly so that it no longer blocks engagement of the clutch jaws.

As was the case in the preferred form of the invention, the operation and the unique concept of the construction here disclosed can best be understood and appreciated from a brief description of the operation. Accordingly, let it be assumed that the elements are in the positions shown in Figs. 7 to 10, which means that the transmission is now operating as an overdrive rotating the shaft 55' at a higher rate than the shaft Let it also be assumed that the shafts l5 and I6 normally rotate in a clockwise direction as viewed from the left in Fig. '7. Under these conditions, the sleeve 2Q forming the sun gear of the planetary gear system is held stationary by the element 56' and thus the planet gear carrier 33' and the orbit gear 36 are also rotating in a clockwise direction, as "viewed in Fig. and from the left in Fig. '7.

If new the operator of the vehicle wishes to return to direct drive, he aotuates the arm El to rock the shaft 55' in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 7. As an incident to such rocking of the shaft 55, the spring Ed is tension d and thus through the car 53' tends to shift the element 58 to the right, as viewed in Fig. 7, to ef fect engagement between the clutch jaws 95 and 92. Such shift of the element, however, does not immediately take place, because the frictional engagement between the jaws M and to prevents the spring 65 from shooting a disengagement.

"To effect the actual shift of'the element 50', the operator decelerates the engin so thatthere is a reversal of torque through the transmission, with the drive now being supplied by the momentum of the vehicle while the shaft 55' continues to drop in rota'tive speed. As a result of that reversal of torque, the frictional engagement between the jaws 9d and 3 is reduced, enabling the spring 64 to shift the element 58' to the right. in Fig. "i, bringing the guard ring IUG into contact with the annular flange '93, which prevents actual engagement of the jaws untilthe guard ring it'll has been rotated with respect to the element st so as to disengage it from the shoulder es free it for longitudinal movement. With such disengagement of the jaws '90 and 94, the sleeve 29 also is free to react to the reaction within the planetary gear system. The initial reaction, therefore, is to rotate thesleeve 29' and hence the element 56' in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed from the left in Fig. 7, that is, in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 8, which will be counter to the direction of rotation of the clutch jaws 92. It is believed apparent that the frictional engagement between the guard ring me and the annular flange 93 during such counterrotation tends to retain the guard ring in its blocking position, and thus engagement of the clutch jaws is prevented. Thus, to effect final engagement of the clutch jaws, the operator again accelerates the engine and, under those circumstances, the direction of rotation of the sleeve 29 and the parts carried thereby is reversed and is in a clockwise direction, as viewed from the left in Fig. '7, that is, in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 8. The guard ring I95? and the annular flange 93 are now rotating in the same direction, though the speed of the flange 93 may be greater than that of the guard ring me and thus still tends to retain the guard ring in its blocking position. However, as the speed of the shaft l5 increases, the speed of the element 56- also increases until it reaches and exceeds by a fraction the speed of rotation of the flange 93. With that momentary rotation of the element 59 at a speed in excess of the flange 93, the guard ring ISO is shifted angularly so as to free it from the shoulders 93, permitting the spring 'S i which is stronger than the spring N32 to shift the element 50' the remainder of the distance into engagement with the clutch jaws 92. Since at the time of the release of the guard ring I89 the element 50" is rotating in synchronism with or slightly above the jaws Q2, final engagement of the jaws 92 and 96 is effected without shock and is assured because the bevel of the jaw faces has been so designed with respect to the direction of rotation of the parts under the prescribed circumstances that the long edges of the jaws are now approaching one another. As a result, the jaws are not cammed away from one another as during overrunning of the clutch, but are caught preparatory to final engagement.

It is believed apparent from the foregoing that this modified form of construction prevents reengagement of the jaws just disengaged by eliminating any possibility of a kick-back. With this form of construction, the jaws are prevented from engaging until the appropriate speeds and directions of rotation are attained and thus no kickback can take place. This construction also assures extreme quiet in operation, since it elimihates the noise incident to engagement of the jaws during overrunningof the clutch.

-To shift the transmission from direct drive to overdrive, the operator of the vehicle again preconditions the shifting means by rocking the the shaft i5, namely, in a clockwise direction as viewed from the left in Fig. '7, during the initial contact of the guard ring WE! with the flange ill the frictional engagement will tend to retain the guard ring in its blocking position.

' However, with the reversal in torque resulting from a' deceleration of the engine, the reaction in the planetary gear system causes the sun gear, that is, the sleeve 23 to pass through zero speed of rotation and tend to reverse its direction of rotation. Consequently, with the first tendency toward reversal in the direction of rotation of the element 58', the frictional engagement between the flange 9! and the guard ring Iilt will rotate the guard ring relative to the element to free it and permit the spring 66' to shift the element 5% further and effect actual engagement of the jaws 96 and 55 3. Since at the time of the release of the guard ring Iilll, the element is rotating at substantially zero speed or is rotating at a very low speed in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed from the left in Fig. 7, en-

gagement of the jaws 95 with the stationary jaws 90 may take place without shock. Thus, it will be apparent that in this form the tendency of the reaction member of a planetary gear system to come to a stop and then tend to reverse its direction of rotation is utilized both to bring the element 59' down to zero speed of rotation so as to enable its engagement with stationary jaws and also to shift the guard ring I so as to free the element for engagement.

In both the construction disclosed in Figs. 1 to 6 and the construction disclosed in Figs. 7 to 10, there is interposed between the drive shaft I and the driven shaft It a one-way overrunning clutch, generally designated II!) in Figs. 1 to 6, and by a corresponding character plus a prime in Figs. 7 to 10. More specifically, this overrunning clutch comprises a plurality of rollers I i I (see Fig. 3) spaced by a retainer ring H2 and interposed between the hub 35 of the planet gear carrier and the head 31 of the shaft I6; The hub 35 is formed with cam surfaces I I3 in well known manner functioning upon relative rotation between the hub 35 and head 31 in one direction to permit free rotation, while functioning uponrelative rotation in the opposits direction to wedge the rollers I II and thus prevent such relative rotation. In the present instance the overrunning clutch H0 is so arranged that the shaft it may overrun the shaft IE but that the shaft I5 may not overrun the shaft I6. This one-way overrunning clutch may be incorporated as shown and utilized as a safety factor, insuring not less than a direct drive at all times even should the element 50 fail to engage with the planetary gear carrier. Or this overrunning clutch may be relied upon exclusively to effect a direct drive 'between the driving and driven shafts and one set of jaws, that is, those operating to lock the planetary gear system to operate as a unit, may be eliminated.

As previously stated, the element shifting means may be preconditioned by direct manual actuation, or electrically under manual control.

Accordingly, there is disclosed in Figs. 11 and 12,

an electrical control system which maybe: utilized with either the form of the invention shown in' Figs. 1 to 6, or that shown inFigs. 7 to 10. When the electrical system is employed, the arm 67 is replaced by a beam H5 which is fixedly secured to the projecting end of the shaft 55. .The beam H5 has connected to one end a solenoid device 0 and to its other end a solenoid device D for rocking the same, and intermediate its ends it has projecting therefrom at right angles a finger I I6 extending between the plunge ers of two spring closed switches S0 and Sd.

Electrical energy for the solenoid devices '0 and D is supplied from a storage battery IlfL-one terminal of which is connected-to ground by means of a lead H8 and the other terminal of which is connected by a lead H9 to the movable contact I20 of a centrifugal switch device, gen erally designated I2I. The movable contact I23 is disposed between two stationary contacts I22 and I23, of which contact I22 is connected by V a lead I24 to a rotatable contact I25 of a twoway foot switch I26 mounted on the floor boards 12? of the vehicle beneath the accelerator pedal I28. The switch I26 is of well known construction, usually including a one-way clutch not shown, operating upon a first depression and release of its plunger I29 to rotate the contact I25 into engagement with, a stationary'contact I33 and upon a subsequent depression and release of its plunger I29, to rotate contact I25 into engagement with a stationary contact I3I. The stationary contact I30 is by a lead I32 connected to one terminal of the switch Sd, the other terminal of which is connected by a lead I34 to one terminal of the solenoid device D which has its other terminal connected to ground, as shown, to complete a circuit for the solenoid.

A second circuit for the solenoid device D is provided which includes the centrifugal switch device I2I but which does not include the switch I26. To that end the stationary contact I23 of the centrifugal switch device I2I is connected vice D will also be energized whenever the mov able contact I29 of the switch device I2I en-- gages contact I23 regardless of the position of a the switch I26.

To provide a circuit for the solenoid device 0, the contact I3I of the switch I26 is connected by a lead I35 to one terminalof the switch So, the other terminal of that switch being connected by a lead I3: to a terminalof the solenoid device 0, which has its other terminal grounded to complete the circuit. Interposed in the lead I35 is a hand switch I38 preferably mounted on the instrument panel (not shown) of the vehicle. With but a single circuit for the solenoid device 0, it is apparent that switch I26 and the hand switch I33 exercise complete control of the solenoid device 0. However, when these two switches are closed to complete the circuit and when the switch So also is closed, the energization of the solenoid is under the control of the centrifugal switch device I2I.

The centrifugal switch deviceIZI is adapted. to be driven from the meansdriving the speed-. ometer of the automotive vehicle which, as best.

seen in Figs. 1 and 12', comprise a worm I40 secured to rotate with the shaft It and a worm wheel I 45. While the construction of the centrifugal device per se forms no part of the invention, it comprises briefly a lower casing section I42 and an upper or cap section I43 divided from the lower section by a Wall I44 of insulating material. The upper section contains the switch contact proper which have previously been mentioned, while the lower section contains the centriufgal means. This centrifugal means consists simply of two saucer-shaped members I 45 and I 46 between which are disposed a pair of balls I41. The member I45 is connected to the worm wheel IM to be rotated thereby, while the member I46 carries a pin I43 which projects through an aperture in the wall I44 to engage and shift the movable contact I29. A compression spring I49 urges the member me into contact with the balls I47. As shown in 12, the balls I41 have been thrown outwardly by centrifugal force and have shifted the member M6 upwardly to cause engagement of the contact I28 with the contact I22.- This centrifugal switch device may be preset so as to cause a shift of the contact 129 when the vehicle has reached any predetermined speed. For exemplary purposes, it will be assumed that the device disclosed herein has been set for a speed of 30 miles.

The operation of the electrical control means is believed readily understood from the description thereof, so that a brief summary will suffice. The hand switch I38 is provided for the purpose of definitely cutting out the overdrive against all contingencie and thus is normally left closed unless the operator of the vehicle does not wish to use the overdrive under any conditions; Let it be assumed, therefore, that the switch I33 is closed and that the elements of the electrical control system as well as of the transmission are in the position shown in the drawings, that is, that the transmission is operating at overdrive and that the Vehicle is traveling at a rate in excess of 30 miles an hour, so that the centrifugal device I2I has engaged contacts I20, I22. Should the operator now wish to return to direct drive, he aetuates the switch I26 by quickly depressing the accelerator pedal I 28. The contacts !25, I39 will now be closed and, since the switch Sci already is closed, a circuit will be completed. through the lead I24, the contacts I22, I29 of the switch device I2I, and the lead I29, energizing the solenoid device D. As a result, the beam I55 will be rotated thereby rocking the shaft 55 to precondition the shifting means for the element 50. Upon release of the accelerator pedal !28, actual shift of the shift able element will then take place, as previously described.

As an incident to the rotation of the beam I l5, the switch Srl has been opened and the switch So' has been closed, thereby preconditioning the circuit for the solenoid device 0. The trans mission is now in direct drive and, though the switch So has been closed; it will remain in direct drive regardless of the speed at which the ve hicle is driven and thus regardless of the condition of the centrifugal switch device I2l. To return to overdrive, the operator again momentarily depresses the accelerator pedal 5 23 to actuate the switch I26. With such actuation the contacts I25, I3! are engaged and, since the switch S is now closed a circuit to the solenoid device 0 will be completed, provided the contacts I20, I22 are closed, 'thatis', on condition that the vehicle is being driven at a rate in excess of 30 miles an hour. If it be" assumed that that speed ha been. reached, the circuit will be completed and the solenoid device 0 energized to shift the beam H5 to the position shown in Fig. 11, which then preconditions the means for shift-- ing the element 5@. Upon release of' the accelerator pedal I28, the actual shift of the element then takes place as previously described and the transmission is in overdrive.

With the switch I26 in a position closing contacts I 25 and 13!, the transmission will remain in overdrive only so long, however, as the vehicle is driven at a rate in excess of 30 miles an hour, for when the speed drops below that rate the centrifugal device i2 I will permit contact I28 to engage contact I23, thereby completing a circuit to the solenoid device D through the lead I35,

which would then condition the transmission for a return to direct drive. Thus when the switch I25 is in position to have it contacts I25 and lSI in engagement, control of the solenoid device is under the centrifugal switch device and thus will be conditioned to effect a shift of the transmission to overdrive or to direct drive, depending upon whether the speed of the vehicle is in excess of or below 39 miles an hour.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a change speed transmission having a clutch of the ovei'running jaw type with a shiftable clutch element retained in engaged position by the torque transmitted therethrough ing said clutch element, said spring means being mounted at one end on said rock shaft and at its other end contacting one face of said shifting element.

2. In a change speed transmission having a drive shaft, a driven shaft and means adapted to be operatively connected between said shafts including a clutch or the overrunni'ng jaw type with a clutch element sl'fiftable longitudinally of said drive shaft and retained in engaged position by the torque transmitted therethrou'gh, means for shifting the clutch element upon release of the element by a change in torque transmitted thereby comprising a rock shaft extending transversely of said drive shaft, a yoke loosely mounted on said rocli shaft and engaging the clutch element to shift the same, and a torsion spring encircling said rock shaft and operatively engaged at one end with said shaft and operatively engaged at the other end with said. yoke, and adapted upon rocking of said shaft to be tensioned so as to tend to shift the element, an arm secured to said rock shaft, detent means cooperating with said arm to retain said shaft in rocked position tensioning said torsion spring,-

and a pivotally mounted dog having an abutment normally disposed in the path of means on said yoke preventing shift of the clutch element and 15 to swing the abutment out of the path of the means on said yoke.

'3. In an overrunning clutch of the jaw typ a first set of clutch jaws, a clutch element shif*- able axially and rotatable relative to said first set of clutch jaws having a cooperating set of clutch jaws, means adapted yieldably to urge said shiftable element toward engagement with the first set of clutch jaws, a rock shaft rotatably mounted adjacentsaid clutch element, a shiftin element for shifting said clutch element and rotatably mounted on said ro'ck shaft, said means including a spring mounted on said rock shaft and having an extension contacting one face of said shifting element for exerting a side pressure thereagainst when the spring is tensioned by rotation of the rock shaft.

4. In an overrunning clutch of the jaw type, a first set of clutch jaws, a clutch element shiftable axially and rotatable relative to said first set of clutch jaws having a cooperating set of clutch jaws, means adapted yieldably to urge said shiftable element toward engagement with the first set of clutch jaws, and cooperating means carried by the first set of clutch jaws and the shiftable element preventing contact of the clutch jaws while the relative speed and direction of rotation of the clutch parts is improper for engagement and yielding after the parts have reached synchronous speed to permit engagement of the jaws, said urging means comprising a rock shaft, a shifting element rotatable on said shaft and articulated with the clutch element, said shifting element having a laterally extending ear and a spring loosely coiled about said shaft engaging a projection on the shaft at one end and a side of said ear at the other end. I

'5. In an overrunning clutch of the jaw type, a first part comprising an annular flange having a plurality of jaws formed internally thereof, a second part having a plurality of jaws formed externally thereon and adapted forengagement with the jaws on the first part to effect engagement of the clutch, said parts being mounted for relative rotational and longitudinal shifting movement, an annular guard ring mounted on said second part for movement axially thereof and for limited angular movement relative thereto, a yieldable compression spring urging said guard ring outwardly of said second part toward engagement with the annular flange of said first art, means limiting the outward movement of said guard ring with a portion of the guard ring projecting beyond the end faces of the jaws, means formed on said second part with which said guard ring engages in one position positively preventing inward movement of said 7 guard ring whereby engagement of said guard ring with said annular flange prevents contact of the clutch jaws, said last mentioned means being so arranged that the frictional engagecause-engagement of the jaws thereof including a rock shaft, a shifting element rotatable on said shaft and articulated with one of said parts,-

said shifting element having a laterally extending ear, and a spring looselyv coiledv about said shaft engaging a projection on the shaft at one end and a side of said ear at the other end.

6. In an overrunning clutch of the jaw type, a first part comprising an annular flange having a plurality of jaws formed internally thereof, a second part having a plurality of jaws formed externally thereon and adapted for engagement with the jaws on the first part to effect engagement of the clutch, said parts being mounted for relative rotational and longitudinal shifting movement, the end faces of said jaws being beveled to permit overrunning of said clutch parts in one direction but preventing overrunning in the opposite direction, an annular guard ring mounted on said second part for movement axially thereof and for limited angular movement relative thereto, a yieldable compression sprin urging said guard ring outwardly of said second part toward engagement with the annular flange of said first part, means limiting the outward movement of said guard ring with a portion of the guard ring projecting beyond the end faces of the jaws, means formed on said second part with which said guard ring engages in one position positively preventing inward movement of said guard ring whereby engagement of said guard ring with said annular flange prevents contact of the clutch jaws, said last mentioned means being so arranged that the frictional engagement between said guard ring and said annular flange during relative rotation permitting overrunning retains said uard ring in engagement with said last mentioned means and so that the frictional engagement upon a reversal in the direction of relative rotation disengages said guard ring from said last mentioned means to permit engagement of said clutch jaws, and means adapted to be potentiated to shift said parts'to cause engagement of the'jaws thereof including a rock shaft, a shifting ele' ment rotatable on said shaft and articulated with one of said parts, said shifting element hav ing a laterally extending ear, and a spring loosely coiled about said shaft engaging a projection on the shaft at one end and a side'of said ear at the other end. 7

, 7. In an overrunning clutch of the jaw type, a first set of clutch jaws, a second set of clutch jaws, a clutch element shiftable axially and rotatably relative to said first and second sets of clutch jaws and having a cooperating set of clutch jaws on each end, a shifting element for axially shifting said clutch element in either direction, a rock shaft on which said shifting element is rotatably mounted,'a pair of torsion springs encircling said shaft each operatively engaged at one end for one-way movement with said shaft, said springs at their opposite ends contacting opposite faces of said shifting element, and means for selectively rocking said shaft in alternate directions of rotation so that first one spring urges the shifting element in one direction upon rotation of the shaft in one direction and the other spring urges the shifting element in the opposite direction upon rotation of the shaft in the opposite direction.

8. In combination with a power transmitting mechanism including a member shiftable between two operative positions and through which power is transmitted when in either of said positions, said member being so constructed and arranged and so cooperating with parts drivingly engaged thereby in either of said'operative positions as to be substantially locked against shifting move-'- ment while a material amount of power is bB-j ing transmitted therethrough, means for shifting said shiftable member including a rotatable member interconnected thereto for simultaneous movement therewith, a second rotatable member concentric with the first-mentioned rotatable member and rotatable independently thereof, torsion spring means interconnecting said rotatable members so constructed and arranged that rotation of the second-mentioned rotatable member in either direction of rotation applies through said spring means a turning force on the first-mentioned rotatable member in a corresponding direction without necessitating simultaneous rotation of said first-mentioned rotatable member, and power operated means for turning said second-mentioned rotatable member in either direction of rotation independently of rotatable movement of said first-mentioned rotatable member, whereby a turning force may be built up on said first-mentioned rotatable member independently of movement of said shiftable member, thereby to eifect shifting of said shiftable member immediately upon the cessation of the transmission of material amounts of power therethrough.

9. In an overrunning clutch of the jaw type, a first set of clutch jaws, a second set of clutch jaws, a clutch element shiftable axially and rotatably relative to said first and second sets of clutch jaws and having a cooperating set of clutch jaws on each end, a shifting element for axially shifting said clutch element in either direction, a rock shaft on which said shifting element is rotatably mounted, a pair of torsion springs encircling said shaft each operatively engaged at one end for one-way movement with said shaft, said springs at their opposite ends contacting opposite faces of said shifting element, means for selectively rocking said shaft in alternate directions of rotation so that first one spring urges the shifting element in one direction upon rotation of the shaft in one direction and the other spring urges the shifting element in the opposite direction upon rotation of the shaft in the opposite direction, an arm fixed to said shaft, a pair of dogs positioned one on each side of said shifting element, each of said dogs having an abutment member and an angularly positioned cam, and means for normally holding both of said dogs in the path of movement of the shifting element to positively prevent movement of the shifting element in either direction until the shaft is rocked to move one of said abutment members out of the path of movement of the shifting element.

10. In combination with a power transmitting mechanism including a member shiftable between two operative positions and through which power is transmitted when in either of said po- 18 sitions, said member being so constructed and arranged and so cooperating with parts drivingly engaged thereby in either of said operative positions as to be substantially locked against shifting movement while a material amount of power is being transmitted therethrough, means for shifting said shiftable member including a rotatable member interconnected thereto for simultaneous movement therewith, a second rotatable member rotatable independently of the first mentioned rotatable member, torsion spring means interconnecting said rotatable members so constructed and arranged that rotation of the second-mentioned rotatable member in either direction of rotation applies through said spring means a turning force on the first-mentioned rotatable member in a corresponding direction without necessitating simultaneous rotation of said first-mentioned rotatable member, and power operated means for turning said second-mentioned rotatable member in either direction of rotation independently of rotatable movement of said first-mentioned rotatable member, whereby a turning force may be built up on said first-mentioned rotatable member independently of movement of said shiftable member, thereby to efiect shifting of said shiftable member immediately upon the cessation of the transmission of material amounts of power therethrough.

11. In a change speed transmission, a clutch of the overrunning jaw type with a shiftable clutch element, means adapted to be potentiated to shift the clutch element toward engaged po- 'sition upon existence of a predetermined condition in the transmission, and means for preventing a kick-back of the shiftable clutch element resulting from contact of the clutch parts at the improper time, said first mentioned means comprising a rock shaft, a shifting element rotatable on said shaft and articulated with the clutch element, said shifting element having a laterally extending ear, anda spring loosely coiled about said shaft engaging a projection on the shaft at one end and a side of said ear at the other end.

OSCAR BANKER.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 867,076 Porteous Sept. 24, 1907 1,184,905 White May 30, 1916 1,877,736 Wagner Sept. 13, 1932 2,384,443 Banker Sept. 11, 1945 2,392,762 Peterson et a1. Jan. 8, 1946 2,462,779 Russell Feb. 22, 1949 

